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Reporting Domestic Violence to Law Enforcement

A step-by-step guide to understand your options when reporting domestic abuse. 

Reporting Domestic Abuse to Law Enforcement in Canada: Your Options, Your Rights, and What to Expect

Seeking support after experiencing domestic violence is an incredibly courageous decision. This guide provides detailed information for survivors on how to navigate the reporting process with law enforcement.

Disclaimer: all information shared in this guide was developed using legal guidelines, protocols, and procedures to address domestic violence treatment and support in Ontario, British Columbia, and the Yukon. 

The information shared in this guide is applicable for adult survivors of domestic violence. If you are in immediate danger, please call 9-1-1. 

What Is Domestic Violence?

In Canada, domestic violence (also called intimate partner violence (IPV)) refers to abusive behaviour used by one person to gain or maintain power and control over another in an intimate or family relationship. 

Definition under the Criminal Code of Canada

While the Criminal Code does not list “domestic violence” as a specific offence, it includes criminal acts that commonly occur in abusive relationships, such as:

  • Assault (s. 265)

  • Uttering threats (s. 264.1)

  • Criminal harassment (s. 264)

  • Forcible confinement (s. 279)

  • Sexual assault (s. 271-273)

  • Mischief to property (s. 430)

  • Psychological abuse or coercive control (not a standalone offence yet, but courts consider it during sentencing)

Courts may treat these offences more seriously when they happen in a domestic context.

No Time Limit to Report Abuse

There is no limitation period to report domestic or sexual violence in Canada. That means even if the abuse occurred many years ago, you still have the right to report it.

For example, if you experienced abuse in 2001 or 1990, you can still file a report with police today.

Note for Survivors Under 18: If you were a minor when the abuse occurred, police may notify your parent(s) or guardian(s) about your report.

Beginning The Reporting Process to Police – Making a Complaint 

It is important to know that you are allowed to make a complaint either: 

You Have Rights. We’re Here to Help You Understand Them.

Every survivor deserves to know their rights. Learn more about the protections, resources, and support available to you. 

Learn More

Police initial interview and Formal/ Complainant Statement 

Initial Interview

This is the first time you speak with police. Officers may:

  • Wear body cameras (ask to confirm they’re on and unmuted)

  • Take notes in a notebook

  • Ask you to explain what happened

You can request accommodations:

  • An interpreter or translator

  • A support person present during the interview

Formal Statement (Referred to a 'Complainant Statement')

This is a more detailed statement taken after the initial report. It may be used as evidence in court.  

Your private information (e.g., address, phone number) will be muted or redacted before being shared with Crown prosecutors or defence lawyers.

List of example resources at police stations (differs by region):

Where to Find Help in Your Province

Each province may have specific processes and services. You can:

  • Contact your local police department 

  • Reach out to a domestic violence or sexual assault support centre in your community

  • Visit your provincial government's website for legal and support resources

  • Consult a legal aid if you require support for child custody  

You Deserve Safety and Support

If you’re experiencing or have experienced domestic violence, know this: you have the right to safety, justice, and support—at any time.

National Guide to Reporting Domestic Violence in Canada

If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, it's crucial to understand your rights and the support available in your province or territory. Below are detailed guidelines and resources for each province and territory.

Understanding Protection Orders

What is a Protection Order?

A protection order (sometimes called a restraining order or peace bond, depending on the province or territory) is a legal order from a court that aims to protect someone from violence, threats, or harassment. It can legally restrict the abuser (the respondent) from contacting or coming near the survivor (the applicant) or others named in the order, such as children.

These orders are designed to increase safety for survivors of intimate partner violence, family violence, or stalking.

How Can a Protection Order Help?

A protection order can:

  • Legally require the abuser to stay away from your home, work, school, or other places you frequent

  • Prohibit any communication (calls, texts, social media messages, emails)

  • Require the abuser to move out of a shared residence

  • Prevent the abuser from possessing weapons

  • Offer temporary custody or visitation restrictions for children

  • Serve as a clear legal tool for police to intervene quickly if it is breached

If the person named in the order violates any part of it, they may be arrested and charged.

Types of Protection Orders in Canada

Note: Each province or territory may use different terms or have additional orders under family or criminal law.

Each province and territory has specific types of protection orders. The most common include:

How to File a Protection Order

  1. Contact police or legal aid to assess which order is best for your situation.

  2. File an application at your local courthouse, family court, or with police, depending on the type of order.

  3. Gather supporting evidence:

    • Incident reports

    • Texts, emails, call logs

    • Photos of injuries or property damage

    • Witness statements

  4. Attend a court hearing (you may be asked to testify).

    • In emergency cases, a judge may issue an order without the abuser being present.

  5. Receive the order and ensure it is served to the abuser (this is often done by police or a court officer).

How Protection Orders Are Enforced

  • Once granted, protection orders are entered into police databases, allowing law enforcement across jurisdictions to respond if breached.

  • Violation of an order is a criminal offence and can result in arrest, charges, or jail time.

  • Survivors should keep a copy of the order on them at all times and notify trusted contacts or their workplace if safety planning requires it.

Tips for Survivors Considering a Protection Order

  • It’s okay to ask for help—you don’t have to do this alone.

  • A protection order is just one tool in a broader safety plan.

  • Orders don’t guarantee safety, but they provide legal consequences and can support housing, employment, or custody protections.

  • Always document breaches and notify police.

If you’re navigating the impacts of domestic violence, know that you’re not alone — and you deserve care, safety, and support. This form is a space for you to let us know what kind of support you’re looking for.

You do not need to share any personal details about your experience. Only provide the information you feel comfortable with.

All information shared will remain private and secure. We will only use your responses to connect you with support options that feel right for you.